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Autism : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a diverse group of conditions characterized by challenges in social interaction and communication. Additional features may include unusual patterns of behavior and activity, such as difficulty switching between tasks, a focus on fine details, and atypical responses to sensory stimuli.
The abilities and needs of individuals with autism vary greatly and can change over time. Some autistic individuals can live independently, while others have significant disabilities and require ongoing care and support. Autism can also affect educational and employment opportunities. Moreover, families caring for autistic individuals often face considerable challenges. The overall quality of life for people with autism is influenced by societal attitudes and the level of support from local and national organizations.
About 1 in 100 children has autism.
Characteristics of autism can sometimes be identified in early childhood, but the diagnosis is often made much later.
Individuals with autism frequently have other accompanying conditions, such as epilepsy, depression, anxiety, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, along with challenging behaviors like sleep problems and self-injury. The intellectual abilities of autistic people vary greatly, ranging from severe impairment to above-average intelligence.
Risk Factors
Current research indicates that several genetic factors may contribute to an increased risk of autism in a complex way. Individuals with specific genetic conditions, such as Fragile X Syndrome and Tuberous Sclerosis, have a higher likelihood of being diagnosed with autism.
These two conditions, along with many other rare genetic causes, account for over 30% of autism cases. As a result, many medical organizations recommend genetic testing as a routine part of care after an autism diagnosis.
Certain medications taken during pregnancy, like valproic acid and thalidomide, have been associated with an increased risk of autism. Additionally, having a sibling with autism raises the chances of a child developing the condition. Older parental age at the time of pregnancy is also linked to a higher autism risk.
In contrast, vaccines have not been shown to raise the likelihood of autism, and factors like race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status do not appear to be connected. Boys are diagnosed with autism more frequently than girls.
When to See a Doctor
Children develop at their own pace, and many do not follow exact timelines outlined in parenting guides. However, signs of autism spectrum disorder are often visible before age 2, indicating developmental delays.
If you’re worried about your child’s development or suspect autism, discuss your concerns with a healthcare professional. These symptoms can also be associated with other developmental conditions.
Early signs typically involve noticeable delays in language and social skills. Your doctor might recommend developmental assessments if your child:
- Doesn’t smile or show a happy expression by 6 months
- Doesn’t imitate sounds or facial expressions by 9 months
- Doesn’t babble or coo by 12 months
- Doesn’t use gestures like pointing or waving by 14 months
- Doesn’t say single words by 16 months
- Doesn’t engage in pretend play by 18 months
- Doesn’t combine two-word phrases by 24 months
- Loses language or social skills at any age
Tips for Parents
- Educate yourself thoroughly about autism spectrum disorder.
- Maintain consistent routines and a structured environment.
- Connect with other parents of children with autism and access community resources.
- Seek professional guidance for specific concerns or challenges.
- Make time for self-care and for other family members.
- Know your rights related to your child’s education, assessments, and treatment options.
- Having a child with autism impacts the entire family. Along with each individual’s unique traits, navigating autism as a family can be stressful and challenging. It’s important to prioritize the physical and emotional well-being of all family members.
